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Shivalinge Gowda, K. P.
- Novel Therapies to Combat HIV: A Review
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1 P.G. Department of Pharmacology, Shree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572102, IN
1 P.G. Department of Pharmacology, Shree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572102, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 1, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
No Abstract.
References
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- Jose MC, Michael F, Daniel PC, Paul MJ, William OC. Potent antiviral synergy between monoclonal antibody and small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 2006: 3289– 96
- Qi G, Hsu-Tso H, Ira D, Li F, Nannan Z, Jacques F,et al. Biochemical and genetic characterizations of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitor that blocks gp120-CD4 interactions. J virol. 2003:10528–36.
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- Phogat S, Wyatt RT, Karlsson HGB. Inhibition of HIV-1 entry by antibodies: potential viral and cellular targets. J Intern Med. 2007: 26–43.
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- Hans SP, Sarah S, Bruce DJ, Jeffrey JM. New approaches in the treatment of HIV/AIDS –focus on maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008: 473–85.
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- Emily PJ, James DP, David K. Efficacies of entry inhibitors, and mechanisms of adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol, 2005: 4347–56.
- Lehrman G, Hogue IB, Palmer S, Jennings C, Spina CA, Wiegand A, et al. Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet. 2005: 549–55.
- Jacqueline RD, Stephen GA, Navid A, John ML, Phoebe HE, Matthew S, et al. Sensitivity of HIV-1 to entry inhibitors correlates with envelope_coreceptor affinity, receptor density, and fusion kinetics. PNAS. 2002: 16249–54.
- Lederman MM, Veazey RS, Offord R, Mosier DE, Dufour J, Mefford M, et al. Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5. Science. 2004: 485–7.
- Xing-Quan Z, Meredith S, Michael F, Robert ST. Synergistic in vitro antiretroviral activity of a humanized monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody (TNX-355) and enfuvirtide (t-20).Science. 2006: 2231–3.
- Christina KMR, Miriam N, Scott KG, Paul K. Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008: 433–9.
- Ping Z, William C, Olson, Kenneth H. Structural flexibility and functional valence of CD4-IgG2 (PRO 542): potential for cross-linking human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope spikes. J Virol. 2001: 6682–6.
- Jeffrey MJ, Robert JI, Israel L, Nancy AO, Linda SV, Melanie B, et al. Treatment of advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease with the viral entry inhibitor PRO 542. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004: 423–9.
- Navid M, Ana LP, Kumar S, Jason MC, Jason JC, Judith LL, et al. Localized changes in the gp120 envelope glycoprotein confer resistance to human immunodeficiency virus entry inhibitors BMS-806 and #155. J Virol. 2004: 3742–52.
- Zhihai S, Navid M, Jason MC, Jason JC, Jeffrey CK, Arne S, Ngoc P, et al. Small-molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 entry block receptor-induced conformational changes in the viral envelope glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004: 5036–41.
- Michelle M, Jing L, Steven DG, Rainer Z, Danie KR. Performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 assays for detecting enfuvirtide (T-20) resistance mutations. J of Clinical Microbiology. 2006: 3384–7.
- Hans PS, Sarah S, Bruce JD, Jeffrey MJ. New approaches in the treatment of HIV/AIDS – focus on maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008: 473–85.
- Cecile LT, Françoise Gl, Christopher K, Yongbiao G, Ting-Chao C, Bahige MB, et al. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus interactions of SCH-C (SCH 351125), a CCR5 antagonist, with other antiretroviral agents in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002: 1336–9.
- Surendiran A. Entry Inhibitor - Maraviroc in HIV treatment. Jipmer. 2008: 3-4.
- Julie MS, Cecile T, Serena X, Lisa W, Nicole W, Waldemar G, et al. Discovery and characterization of vicriviroc (SCH 417690), a CCR5 antagonist with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005: 4911-9.
- Alonso H, Bruce G, Olga L, Nhut L, Douty B, Anthony D, et al. Rapamycin reduces CCR5 density levels on CD4 T cells, and this effect results in potentiation of enfuvirtide (T-20) against R5 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007: 2489–96.
- Christina MRK, Miriam N, Scott GK, Paul K. Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008: 433–9.
- Hartmut S, Charlotte K, Nele P, Antje B, Guido K, Christian H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in patients treated in typical routine clinical settings. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006: 667–73
- Michelle M, Jing L, Steven DG, Rainer Z, Daniel KR. Performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 assays for detecting enfuvirtide (T-20) resistance mutations. J of clinical microbiology. 2006: 3384–7.
- ICH Guidelines with Special Emphasis on Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (GCP)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 27-32Abstract
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials. It also serves to protect the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects. It is very important to understand the background of the formation of the ICH-GCP guidelines as this, in itself, explains the reasons and the need for doing so. In this paper, we address the historical background and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the ICH-GCP guidelines are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.Keywords
ICH, Good Clinical Practices Guidelines, Quality, Safety, Efficacy and Multidisciplinary.References
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- Amitava Roy, A Ghosh, the sixth international conference on hormonisation (ICH6)-A Promising Future in Global Pharmaceutical Industry, Research J.Pharm.and Tech. I (3): July-Sept.2008 pg no.161-165.
- S.D. Seth, Madhu khanna, Hand Book of Good Clinical Practice (GCP): Guidance for implementation, Indian J Med Res 125, May 2007, pp 701-704.
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- Malaysian Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. 2nd edition. Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2004.
- European Medicines Agency. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline E6: Note for Guidance on Good Clinical Practice (PMP/ICH/135/95). London: European Medicines Agency, 2002.
- A Vijayananthan, O Nawawi, The importance of Good Clinical Practice guidelines and its role in clinical trials, Biomed Imaging Interv J 2008; 4(1):e5, pg no.1-4.
- The World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki [Web Page]. 2004; Available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm.
- Metabolomics - An Exciting New Field Within the "OMICS" Sciences
Abstract Views :204 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacology, B.H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-50, Karnataka, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacology, B.H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-50, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 363-369Abstract
Metabolomics is a newly emerging Science which can be seen as an advanced, specialized form of Analytical Biochemistry. This technology is centered around the detection of small molecules and, by definition, excludes the organic biopolymers such as proteins and fatty acids. Important small metabolites include amino and other organic acids, sugars, volatile metabolites and most of the diverse secondary metabolites found in plants such as alkaloids, phenolic components and coloured metabolites such as carotenoids and anthocyanins. Key to any metabolomics approach is the aim to gain the broadest overview possible of the biochemical composition of complex biological samples in just one or a small number of analyses. Liquid or gas chromatography (LC or GC) are usually used to separate the individual components in complex organic extracts after which Mass Spectrometry (MS) is employed to detect the metabolites present. Alternatively, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) may be used. Characteristic of this technology is the large scale nature of the analyses performed - involving not only the semi-automated production of a large amount of complex data per analysis but also performing these analyses sequentially on large numbers of samples. Highly complex data matrices are obtained - often of many Gigabytes. Consequently, metabolomics analyses can only be performed when all the necessary computing and bioinformatics tools are in place to allow automated data storage and efficient non-labour intensive data analysis. Metabolomics is usually used either for 'fingerprinting' samples to perform comparative analyses to detect differences of for 'profiling' where individual differential metabolites are identified for further analysis.References
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- Gibney MJ, Walsh M, Brennan L, Roche HM, German B, van Ommen B. "Metabolomics in human nutrition: opportunities and challenges". Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2005; 82: 497-503.
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- Anti-Obesity Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Experimental Animals
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacocology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
1 Department of Pharmacocology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 318-328Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity is closely associated with life-style-related disorders such as arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds were proved scientifically for the treatment of lifestyle related disorders. Present study was performed to clarify whether an M. oleifera Lam. Seeds ethanol extract (MOE) prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice fed for nine weeks.
Methods: We have performed two in vivo experiments such as high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model and lipid emulsion tolerance test in normal rats. In high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model, female Swiss mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 40% fat) with or without 1 or 2 % of MOE or 0.012% orlistat for nine weeks. In lipid emulsion tolerance test male Wistar rats were orally administered, lipid emulsion with or without 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg of MOE and the plasma triglycerides were measured from 0.5 to 5 h.
Results: Consumption of HFD containing MOE to mice for nine weeks exhibited significant reduction in lipid parameters, body weight, parametrial adipose tissue weight, liver TG and different organs weight compared to HFD fed control. Whereas, improvement in insulin resistance induced by HFD alone group. Furthermore, consumption of a HFD containing 1 or 2 % of MOE significantly increased the fecal content and fecal triglyceride compared with the HFD group. Pre-treatment with MOE inhibited the elevated plasma triglyceride level after the oral administration of the lipid emulsion to rats. In other words, administration of MOE improves lipid tolerance in rats.
Conclusion: Observed anti-obesity activity of MOE in experimental animals may be partly mediated through delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity as evident from similar profile of activity as that of orlistat.
Keywords
MOE, High Fat Diet, Insulin Tolerance, Lipid Parameter, Lipid Emulsion, Fecal TG.References
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- In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Physalis minima Linn
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B. H. Road, Tumkur-572 102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B. H. Road Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B. H. Road, Tumkur-572 102, Karnataka, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B. H. Road Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 2, No 5 (2010), Pagination: 332-334Abstract
The antioxidant activity is increasing as there is realization of that formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been linked in pathogenesis of several human diseases. Physalis minima L. are commonly known as Country gooseberry, which is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of diuretic, fever and dropsy. The leaves aqueous extract of the plant was studied for its invitro antioxidant activity by two methods viz DPPH radical scavenging assay and Nitric oxide scavenging assay. Its free radical scavenging activity was estimated by IC50 value and the values at various concentrations 5 to 25mg/ml. At 25mg/ml DPPH radical scavenging assay and Nitric oxide assay showed maximum inhibition 92.30% and 75.41% These results clearly indicate that aqueous extract of leaves of Physalis minima is effective in scavenging free radicals and has the potential to be a powerful antioxidant.Keywords
Physalis minima, DPPH, Antioxidant Activity, Nitric Oxide.References
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- Role of Omega Fatty Acids in Human Body
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN
1 Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur-572 102, IN